Magazine

History and Overview of Croatia

Posted on the 27 July 2022 by Frank Leo

The Republic of Croatia may be found in both the Central and Southeast European regions, more especially at the intersection of the Balkan Peninsula and the Mediterranean Sea. The countries of Hungary and Slovenia form the republic’s northern neighbors, while Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia and Montenegro are located to the east and southeast, respectively. Zagreb, the nation’s capital, is also the largest city in the country.

In the early seventh century, Croats began to settle in the area. Initially, they organized themselves as two separate dukedoms, but subsequently, under the leadership of King Tomislav, they merged into a single kingdom. In the year 1102, the kingdom merged its territory with that of Hungary. In 1918, however, it declared its independence from Austria-Hungary and became one of the founding members of the Yugoslav monarchy. An autonomous Croatian state was founded by Nazi Germany during the Second World War; however, in actuality, Croatia was one of Germany’s satellite countries from the years 1939 through 1944. Following its victory over Germany and the conclusion of the war, it participated once more in the establishment of the second Yugoslavia, but this time it did so under the banner of a republic. On June 25, 1991, it announced its independence from Yugoslavia and became an independent country as a result of this action.

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Numerous international organizations, including the Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA), the Council of Europe, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization, include Croatia as one of its members (WTO). The nation is now a candidate for membership in the European Union and was one of the original founding members of the Union for the Mediterranean (UMA). While the International Monetary Fund (IMF) views the nation’s economy to be one that is still in the process of emerging and developing, the World Bank categorizes the nation’s economy as one that has a high income.

CULTURE AND OLD WAYS OF DOING THINGS

The culture of Croatia is the result of its history spanning fourteen centuries. The proof of which may be found all around the nation, such as in the cities and monuments that it contains. Any country will have reason to be proud of itself if it had seven sites on the World Heritage List and eight national parks. The Episcopal complex of the Euphrasian Basilica in Porec, the Cathedral of St. James in Sibenik, the medieval city of Trogir, the Palace of Diocletian, the old city of Dubrovnik, and the Plitvice lakes are some of the heritage monuments that can be found in this region. Along the Adriatic coast, you’ll find the majority of this country’s stunning national parks. In addition, Josip Broz Tito, the first president of the second Yugoslav Republic, and Giovanni Luppis, the creator of the torpedo, were both born in this region. This is also the birthplace of other historical luminaries and scientists. In point of fact, a few of the very first fountain pens were developed right here.

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It is thought that the necktie, also known as a kravata in Croat, developed in this region. This would fall under the category of apparel or fashion. Roman art had a significant impact on the earliest churches to be constructed in this region, particularly in the region of Dalmatia where Roman towns were established. The gastronomy of Croatia is sometimes referred to as the “cuisine of regions” for the straightforward reason that each area in Croatia has its own distinctive culinary tradition. These dishes include of Raznjici, which is a form of skewer, Meso s tiblice, which is a form of pork ham, Odojak, which is a form of roasted pig, and goulash, which is a form of stew. Let’s not overlook the Licitar, which is undoubtedly their most well-known and beloved traditional present. This present is a piece of Croatia’s rich cultural history and a typical emblem of Zagreb. The licitar is a decorative present that is exchanged on occasions associated with love, like Valentine’s Day, marriages, and even birthdays.

LANGUAGES

In its most basic form, Croatian, also known as hrvatski, is a South Slavic language. Speakers of Croatian may be found in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, adjacent nations such as Serbia, the Italian area of Molise, and Croat populations all over the world. The Croatian language that is being used in everyday situations is derived from the western Stokavian dialect. In addition to this, there are two significant dialects known as Cakavian and Kajkavian, and the Croatian alphabet is derived from the Latin alphabet. They are part of the Central South Slavic diasystem, which is usually referred to as “Serbo-Croatian,” together with the languages of Serbia and Bosnia.

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It was in the 9th century that the Old Church Slavonic language was chosen to be used in the liturgy, and it is thought that this was the time when the written language was first created. In later years, it was used for a variety of purposes apart from liturgical ones. After then, these two varieties were integrated into the Glagolitic service and remained there until the middle of the ninth century.

Even though Croatian Church Slavonic was abandoned as a language by the middle of the 15th century, the modern standard language is the product of more than nine centuries of literature written by mixing the vernacular language with the Croatian Church Slavonic. This process took place over a period of more than nine centuries. During this time period, writers of religious poetry, translators, and editors gradually included vernacular language into their respective bodies of work. This provides an explanation for why the vernacular language alone has become the personification of the country’s literature, which has persisted for more than 500 years.

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At least 96 percent of the population speaks Croatian, according to the official census, while the remaining 4 percent speaks Czech, German, Hungarian, Italian, Slovak, or other languages. It is thought that many of its pre-modern terms have influences from languages like as Iranian or Persian, Illyrian, Greek or Hellenic, and Teutonic or Frankish.

EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM

Even infants as young as one year old are welcome to start their education at the kindergartens, while attendance is not required. Some of the 450 kindergartens are privately owned, but the majority of them are run by the state and are connected to elementary schools. Children must be between the ages of six and seven to be eligible for enrollment in the elementary education program, which is mandatory and will last for as long as eight years. Since elementary school was made mandatory for all children, the percentage of literate adults has increased dramatically, and the vast majority of kids now graduate from elementary school. There are now approximately 900 elementary schools in operation in the republic, all of which are under the jurisdiction of the respective city or municipal local governments.

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The choice to continue one’s education into secondary school is now voluntary, in contrast to the requirement to complete one’s primary education. However, there is growing support for making secondary education mandatory. The youngsters have the option of attending either one of two distinct types of secondary schools. The first option is the gymnasium, which provides students with the opportunity to pursue one of four distinct educational paths. These include the prirodoslovno-matematika gimnazija, which emphasizes the study of informatics, mathematics, and science; the jezina gimnazija, which provides instruction in foreign languages; the klasina gimnazija, which focuses primarily on the study of Ancient Greek and Latin classics; and the The second option is vocational schools, which have a shorter graduation requirement of three years compared to gymnasiums’ requirement of four years. There are over 300 vocational schools and approximately 90 gymnasiums that are now managed by either the regional administration or the individual counties.

Students who have completed their secondary education can continue their education at either universities or polytechnic schools. There are at least twelve public and two private polytechnic schools located throughout the nation, and there is at least one university located in each of the country’s major cities.

HEALTHCARE SYSTEM

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The population of the Republic of Croatia is approximately 4.5 million people, according to estimates. Based on projections from 2008, the nation is now going through a period in which its natural population growth is slowing down. This is due to the fact that the mortality rate is currently hovering at twelve per 1,000 people, while the birth rate is only about ten. Despite this, the life expectancy of the general population is rather high at about 75 years. According to estimations from 2001, the prevalence of HIV/AIDS among adults is placed at 0.1 percent, and it is believed that at least 200 people are afflicted with the disease, of which 10 have died as a result. Because of their Mediterranean way of life, the majority of Croatians have a moderate relationship with alcohol. Drinking is seen as more of a social activity than anything else.

The health care system in this country is held to a very high standard. There are hospitals and clinics in every major city in Croatia, including Cakovec, Osijek, Pula, Rijeka, and Split. In addition, there are first aid stations, pharmacies, and other medical facilities spread out across the country. The vast majority of these establishments have at least one member of staff who is fluent in English. In accordance with the treaty that was signed between Croatia and the European Union, citizens of the European Union do not have to pay for the provision of medical services. In the event that you are not a resident of the EU, it is highly recommended that you have health insurance.

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Zagreb, the nation’s capital, is home to a number of highly regarded clinical hospitals. One of them is the Sisters of Charity Hospital, and it is one of the oldest hospitals in all of Southeastern Europe. It was founded in 1846. It currently has a capacity of more than 850 hospital beds and more than 2,300 medical personnel working there. The hospital in Pula is equipped to provide a wide range of medical services and has a capacity of five hundred patient beds.

ECONOMY

The service sector accounts for the majority of GDP (67%) and is the primary driver of the economy. According to preliminary data from 2008, the country’s total GDP stands at 370.5 billion Croatian Kuna, which translates to $15,000 per capita in United States dollars. This places the country’s economy in a higher position than the economies of some other EU member states, such as Bulgaria, Latvia, Lithuania, or Poland.

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Ship construction is the most important industry in the manufacturing sector. It accounts for more than ten percent of all yearly exports and has a total value of more than one billion euros. In addition to shipbuilding, there is also the food processing industry and the chemical industry, both of which contribute a sizeable portion to the overall industrial output as well as the country’s overall exports. The contribution of the industrial sector to the overall production of the economy is at least 27 percent, while the contribution of agriculture is just 6 percent. However, as a result of an unprecedented growth in demand from nations like Korea and Japan, blue water fish exports have seen a meteoric rise in recent years. Only organic food, lavender, olive oils, and wines are produced in this country, and the vast majority of these goods are sold to other countries in the European Union (EU).

The tourism industry is another significant source of revenue, with the majority of visitors coming during the summer months. However, in recent years, visitors have been coming even during the winter months to take advantage of the growing popularity of winter sports such as skiing. Each year, more than ten million tourists come, bringing in almost seven billion Euros in revenue. The travel reference book Lonely Planet ranked Croatia as the best place to visit in the world in 2005, and it is presently ranked in the top 20 tourist destinations in the globe. Both the nation’s market economy and currency are robust and secure in this country.Overview and History of Argentina


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