Approximately 250,000 of the 697,000 veterans — more than 1 out of 3! – who had served in the 1991 Persian Gulf War are afflicted with the Gulf War syndrome (aka Gulf War illness), a chronic multisymptom disorder that includes fatigue, muscle pain, cognitive problems, rashes and diarrhea. In 1991 during Bush the Elder’s administration, the United States went to war against Iraq in response to Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait. The war was codenamed Operation Desert Storm.
From 1995 to 2005, the health of combat veterans worsened in comparison with nondeployed veterans, with the onset of more new chronic diseases, functional impairment, repeated clinic visits and hospitalizations, chronic fatigue syndrome-like illness, posttraumatic stress disorder, and greater persistence of adverse health incidents. A report by the Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans of America showed that veterans of Iraq and Afghanistan may also suffer from the syndrome.
Many veterans have had difficulties getting benefits and treatment for the Gulf War syndrome because doctors assumed they were either faking it or suffering from post-traumatic stress. Now, researchers at Georgetown University have found tangible evidence that the syndrome is real, specifically that the nerve fibers that process pain in Gulf War vets are deteriorated when compared to the brains of “normal” people.
Kelly Kennedy reports for USA Today, March 21, 2013, that Georgetown University researchers say they have found physical proof that Gulf War illness is caused by damage to the brain — and that this proof may ultimately help civilians who suffer from chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia.
Using fMRI machines (“functional” MRI is a scan that measures activity by detecting how blood flows through the brain), the researchers were able to see anomalies in the bundle of nerve fibers that interpret pain signals in the brain in 31 Gulf War veterans. The research will be published in PLOS ONE journal.
Most hospitals already have the MRI equipment they need to do the exam, but they may need to purchase or install fMRI software, as well as to be trained to use it.
The findings are “huge,” because an fMRI allows doctors to diagnose a person with Gulf War illness quickly, said James Baraniuk, senior author and professor of medicine at Georgetown University Medical Center. The research, he said, also shows that Gulf War illness is not psychological.
Many veterans have had difficulties getting benefits and treatment for a service-connected condition because doctors assumed they were either faking it or suffering from post-traumatic stress. Baraniuk said “That’s a problem with all physicians — VA, military or civilian. If it doesn’t fall within their small world of known diseases, then the patient is nuts.”
Baraniuk said the correlation of anomalies in the brain’s white matter with Gulf War illness has not been studied before. Researchers also found that fatigue and pain worsen congruently in the veterans.
Rakib Rayhan, lead author of the study, said to test the veterans, they watched the way liquid moved through brain nerve cells at rest and while the veterans were exercising. They could locate the nerves’ axons and determine how healthy they were. “We’re able to say, ‘There is something here,’ ” Rayhan said, and recommended that doctors “take these veterans seriously when they come in.”
In particular, John VanMeter, director of Georgetown’s Center for functional and molecular imaging, said they looked at the fibers that process pain: “The fibers in the Gulf War veterans have deteriorated compared to the control. Those fibers interpret environmental pain, but in the case of the veterans, a tiny pulse of pressure is interpreted as a painful pinch, or normal muscle fatigue from walking a flight of stairs could be interpreted as climbing to the fourteenth floor. They get, ‘I’m in pain! I’m in pain! I’m in pain!’ all the time.”
The researchers do not know whether the veterans’ symptoms will continue to worsen, though it appears they have from their onset 22 years ago until now. “The guys who were robust and leading the charge on this 10 years ago are now using canes,” Baraniuk said.
This research appears to correlate with previous research on Gulf War Illness, including a major study this year that showed problems in involuntary function, and a second that showed that as many as 100,000 troops may have been doused with Sarin gas when the U.S. Air Force bombed a munitions factory during the war.
The researchers suspect the damage came from environmental factors. Other researchers have found that as many as 100,000 troops were exposed to Sarin gas when the U.S. Air Force bombed an Iraqi munitions plant, and other researchers have found a connection between the symptoms and the ACHL-inhibitors found in nerve agents, the anti-nerve-agent pills servicemembers took, and the industrial-strength bug spray troops used on their clothing and skin.
Baraniuk believes that the three areas of symptoms seen in Gulf War veterans are all different stages of the same disease — and he will be able to show that in a future paper.
Army veteran Robert Ward’s symptoms began while he was still in the Middle East. He felt tired and his gums started to swell and bleed. He figured it was a fluke, until he read a newspaper article in 1993 and discovered he was one of many. Soon, he suffered irritable bowel syndrome, constant headaches, muscle twitches, rashes and muscle fatigue. For 18 months, he found himself bedridden. He moved in with his parents so they could help care for him. “This is a big deal,” he said. “This has ruined my life. I’m thankful that Gulf War illness patients will be able to get the help that they deserve.”
Denise Nichols, an Air Force veteran, also had symptoms while she was still in the Middle East, including irritability, hair lossand sensitivity to light and noise. When she came home, she had blurred vision and tight muscles. “I quit nursing because I was afraid of making errors or exposing patients to whatever I had,” she said. When she learned the results of the study, she yelled, “Yes! Yes! Yes! We’re finding real proof.” Still, she said, it’s bittersweet to wait 22 years.
The researchers themselves said they’ve been surprised by how little attention this group of veterans has received. “If 30% of Congress got sick, or 30% of Manhattan got sick, there would have been an outcry,” Baraniuk said.
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I’m thankful that the team of Georgetown University researchers finally found out the truth.
My heart goes out to the afflicted veterans. Now that the researchers have identified nerve damage as the culprit of the Gulf War syndrome, hopefully the vets will now receive proper medical treatment.
~Eowyn
