No parent wants to see their baby uncomfortable, fussy, or feverish. This is why, when vaccination time comes around, many parents administer Tylenol before heading to the doctor's office or immediately following the appointment. This practice has been reinforced by several past studies showing that Tylenol decreases fevers following vaccinations. However, a recent study published in the journal The Lancet may deter parents from administering Tylenol to prevent these symptoms.
No parent wants to see their baby uncomfortable, fussy, or feverish. This is why, when vaccination time comes around, many parents administer Tylenol before heading to the doctor's office or immediately following the appointment.
Acetaminophen after Vaccines?
The practice of administering acetaminophen to children following vaccines has been reinforced by several studies showing that Tylenol decreases fevers following vaccinations.
However, a recent study published in the journal The Lancet may deter parents from administering Tylenol to prevent these symptoms.
Fevers can Indicate a Healthy Immune Response
Although unpleasant, developing a fever after receiving a vaccine is a healthy immune system response. Thus, preventing this response may actually decrease the effectiveness of vaccinations. This is precisely what Dr. Prymula and colleagues found.
The Research
Four-hundred and fifty-nine infants who were receiving vaccinations against pneumococcal disease, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, hepatitis B, polio and rotavirus were randomly assigned to one of two groups: one group received acetaminophen (the active ingredient in Tylenol) every 6-8 hours for 24 hours following the vaccinations and the other group did not receive any acetaminophen following the vaccinations.
Results
Not surprisingly, receiving acetaminophen seemed to protect the infants from developing a fever. However, taking Tylenol also had a negative consequence: compared to the infants who did not receive acetaminophen, infants who received acetaminophen had significantly fewer antibodies against pneumococcal disease, Haemophilus influenzae type b, diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, and for one of the whooping cough antibodies.
Conclusions
Although the precise reason for the decreased effectiveness of the vaccines is not known, the decreased effectiveness was not due to the absence of a fever; there was no difference in immune response in infants who developed fevers and those that did not in babies who were given acetaminophen.
The researchers believe it is most likely due to acetaminophen's anti-inflammatory response at the injection site, which may disrupt normal antibody responses (although the anti-inflammatory properties of acetaminophen are under debate). It is unknown whether ibuprofen (the active ingredient in Advil) has the same effect.
Check out our reviews of the best baby thermometers to make sure you're prepared to assess your baby's fever.
References
Centers for Disease Control (CDC). (1987). Pertussis immunization; family history of convulsions and use of antipyretics—supplementary ACIP statement. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 36, 281–82.
Chen, R. T., Clark, T. A., & Halperin, S. A. (2009). The yin and yang of paracetamol and pediatric immunisations. The Lancet, 374(9698), 1339-50.
Graham, G. G., & Scott, K. F. (2005). Mechanism of action of paracetamol. American Journal of Therapeutics, 12, 46–55.
Lewis, K., Cherry J. D., Sachs, M. H., Woo, D. B., Hamilton, R. C., Tarle, J. M., & Overturf, G. D. (1988). The effect of prophylactic acetaminophen administration on reactions to DTP vaccination. American Journal of Diseases of Children, 142, 62–65.
Prymula, R., Siegrist, C., Chlibek, R., Zemlickova, H., Vackova, M., Smetana, J., Lommel, P., Kaliskova, E., Borys, D., & Schuerman, L. (2009). Effect of prophylactic paracetamol administration at time of vaccination on febrile reactions and antibody responses in children: two open-label, randomised controlled trials. The Lancet, 374(9698), 1305-6.
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