Building up Intuition is “thin-slicing”
In an earlier post, we discussed the relation between Reasoning and Intuition on the basis of Kahneman’s two interrelated thinking systems. One is fast, intuitive reactive and emotional. The other is slow, deliberate, methodical and rational. Although he acknowledges that the mind functions thanks to a delicate, intricate and sometimes difficult balance between the two systems, his book Thinking, Fast and Slow is mainly about biases of intuition. And to prevent them, we ought to be less thinking-lazy. That is to say that we must mobilize more often System 2: the laborious process of analysis. We recommended this book in our post Reasoning versus Intuition.
Basically, from childhood on a mindset is stamped in the brain “Don’t trust your Intuition”. It is a result of the scientific revolution. The result is that intuition is highly undervalued. But there are many situations where there is no room for rational thinking, yet there have to be an action, a judgment or a decision. In such a situation the use of intuition is a last resort and we had better to be trained for it.
- there is too little information available
- there is too much information
- the situation is too complex to analyze methodically
- a quick reaction is required
- a situation wherein someone is overwhelmed by emotions
There are also many positives of using intuition:
- it allows for a much broader and sensitive exploration of a subject or situation
- it can grasp soft notions about a subject or intangible aspects
- it is very useful in situation when something cannot be caught in words
- it draws on valuable experience
- non-verbal clues (smell, taste, bodily signals) are mostly not available in language
- it is less likely to get caught up in red herrings or distractions
- there is no need for justification (that is per definition impossible and not to trust anyway if tried)
There are not merely advantages of intuitive thinking. Sometimes it even outperforms rational systematic thinking.
In an earlier blog post Inteligent Gossip by the Watercooler we mentioned already Blink, The Power of Thinking Without Thinking, a 2005 book by Malcolm Gladwell. It is all about mental processes that work rapidly and automatically from relatively little information. Although a substantial part of his book is addressing the pitfalls of intuitive thinking such as priming and stereotypes we recommend this book because it illustrates the powerful performance of what Gladwell calls “Thin-slicing“.
Thin-slicing or Rapid Cognition refers to the ability of our unconscious to find patterns in situations and behavior based on very narrow slices of experience. It is the power of knowing in the first two seconds. It is a system in which our brain reaches conclusions without immediately telling us that it is reaching conclusions. Whenever we meet someone for the first time, we interview someone for a job, we react to a new idea or face with a decision quickly and under stress we use this “split second” system. When we leap to a decision or have a hunch, our unconsciousness is sifting through the situation in front of us, throwing all that is irrelevant while we zoom in on what really matters. However, it is buried somewhere in our unconscious, and we couldn’t dredge it up.
This skill is not magically given to a couple of fortunate people. It is a skill that we can all cultivate by ourselves. Snap judgment and first impressions can be educated and controlled. It is possible to learn when to listen and when to be wary of it.
Below are some examples of Thin-slicing:
- By a “Blink of an Eye” an art historian outperformed months of scientific analysis of a piece of art that turned out to be a forgery.
- In an experiment with manipulated game cards sweat glands below the skin in the palms of hands of gamblers were measured. It proved that they knew unconsciously forty cards before they were able to say that they the cards were manipulated. But moreover, they begun to behave accordingly to their unconscious stress reactions, long before they became consciously aware of what adjustments to make.
- Marriages have a distinct pattern, a kind of DNA that surfaces in any case of meaningful interaction. After training it is possible to “read” or “decode” those patterns and predict divorce within 3 minutes, without asking husbands and wives questions about the state of their marriage. In another experiment non-experts were given a list of emotions to look for. They predicted with better than 80 percent accuracy which marriages were going to make it.
- It showed that in a hospital that more information did not lead to better diagnoses. Actually, the role of much in itself relevant factors was small in determining what was happening. An accurate diagnosis could be made without them. It showed also that many times doctors would do better if they knew less about their patients. The very desire for confidence by doing more tests and gathering more information from the patient was precisely what ended up undermining the accuracy of their diagnosis.
- In an electronic war game one aircraft carrier, ten cruisers and five out of six amphibious ships were sent to the bottom of the Persian Gulf in the span of just one hour, resulting in the virtual death of over 20.000 US service personnel. It showed the failure of a doctrine which is called Information Dominance: databases and matrices and methodologies for systematically understanding the intentions and capabilities of the enemy. The conducting of a thoroughly rational and rigorous analysis that covered every conceivable contingency apparently destroyed the capabilities of rapid cognition.
First impressions are notorious difficult to put into words. Some people always make a note of the first word that goes through their heads. In others a visual image imposes itself automatically. Some people get it hot or cold. Others experience abdominal or stomach spasm. Others experience a strong emotion or get dizzy.
The information is in a thin-slice
It is interesting to ponder about the consequences of living in a world that assumes that the quality of a decision is directly related to the time and effort that went into making it. That it is much easier to listen to scientists and lawyers because they could provide pages and pages of documentation and conclusions than “reading your inner state”.
Could we design “structures of spontaneity” where improvisation, without a script or a plot, and reacting to the environment is less calculated and rationalized but instead promote picking up instinctively a truth?
Could we develop intuition systematically?
