Mills College, Oakland, CA
The campus of Mills College sits in the middle of Oakland, an island of greenery around college buildings and a place where local residents go to play sports on the playing fields, walk along tree lined paths, birdwatch, and generally enjoy nature. Established as a women’s college in 1885, Mills College will transform to a campus of Northeastern University in Boston in the fall of 2022.
Mills Young Ladies Seminary, about 1873. Mills Hall and students.
Mills College began as a Young Ladies Seminary in 1852 in Benicia, CA, moved to Oakland in 1871, and was chartered as a college in 1885. Juliet Fish Nichols (1859-1947), the subject of my new book, Keeper of the Light: Juliet Fish Nichols Fights the San Francisco Fog, was one of the first graduates.
Olin Library at Mills College.
Earlier this year, on a Sunday afternoon in June, Art and I took a walk on the Mills campus. I wanted to see Mills Hall, the building where Juliet had lived and attended classes when she was a student.
Mills Hall, 2022.
It is likely that one of the girls seated on the lawn in the 1873 photograph is Juliet, then fourteen years old. At the time, Mills Hall was the only structure on campus. It contained classrooms and offices as well as housing for faculty and the young women who were the students. Now it is used as an administration building.
The Bell Tower, designed by architect Julia Morgan.
Gradually, the college grew, with facilities for the arts, sciences, music, sports and other disciplines. In 1904, the bell tower, El Campanil, designed by Julia Morgan was built in the southeast quadrant of the campus, across from Mills Hall.
A grove of California Bay Laurel trees on the Mills College campus.
In the first years the land around the new campus was quite open except for a few native oak trees. More than one thousand trees were planted, now grown to stately heights. As you walk around the campus today, you feel like you are in an arboretum, with trees and plants identified, and a nature trail along Leona Creek, which flows through the campus.
A bridge crosses Leona Creek, which flows from the Oakland hills to San Francisco Bay.
The day I visited was shortly after graduation (chairs were still set up on the lawn) and few people were around. It was easy to imagine what it must have been like more than one hundred years ago when Juliet was a student.
Juliet Fish was born in Shanghai, China, where her father, Dr. Melancthon Fish, was serving as United States consul. The family returned to the United States when Juliet was three. Juliet grew up in Oakland, California, and attended Mills Seminary for Young Ladies, where the goals were good health and a classical education. A daily outdoor walk of at least one mile was required. Students also worked out with dumbbells, Indian clubs and wands—so Juliet was well prepared for the physical demands of her later lighthouse work.
When she was a student at Mills, Juliet would have walked along shaded paths like this one lined with blackberries.
In 1888, Juliet married Commander Henry Nichols of the U.S. Navy, who became Superintendent of the 12th Lighthouse District along the coast of California. They had no children. In 1899, Henry Nichols was sent to the Philippines during the Spanish-American War, where he died of heat stroke, leaving Juliet without financial support.
Angel Island Lighthouse and Bell Station, as it appeared when Juliet lived there.
When Juliet learned that the lighthouse keeper on Angel Island was retiring, she applied for the job. Juliet served as lighthouse keeper at Point Knox on Angel Island from 1902 to 1914. Upon her retirement, Juliet lived the rest of her life in Oakland. She is buried in the family plot at Mountain View Cemetery in Oakland.
Except for her lighthouse log and official letters and reports, Juliet Fish Nichols left few clues to her personal life. As I walked around the Mills Campus, I felt that in a small way I was able to share Juliet’s experience as a student and get a bit of insight to her life.
I donated at copy of my book Keeper of the Light to the Olin Library at Mills College in honor of Juliet Nichols.
For more about Juliet Fish Nichols and Angel Island go to my posts of September 2017 and July 2012.
