Happy Monday everyone! I’m here again for another updates for my Japanese language self-study. Last week, I’ve concluded the TE or request form of all the verbs in Japanese. It’s one of the most important lesson in Japanese so after learning the MASU form and then finally the TE form, I can’t help but feel smug about it hehe. Ofcourse I still can’t talk and understand complex sentences in Japanese but I’m on the way there *wink.
And just like the previous week, I decided to take up three lessons instead of two since lesson 18 is only about reviewing MASU and TE form. But even if that was the case, I have to say that I still felt a little overwhelm, mostly because of my lack of sleep. But just like the previous lessons, I know I can do it.
And again, this is not an attempt to create a tutorial but just sharing what I’ve learn from Misa-sensei’s Grammar Lessons for Absolute Beginners in Youtube. You can see what I’ve been learning from Lessons 1-17 here.
Note: Click on the lesson number to read the whole update.LESSON 18: Review – MASU and TE Form Verb Conjugation
hisashi buri => it’s been a long time / it’s been a while
- hisashi => old (not old as in person), buri => for the first time in a ~
ichinen buri => it’s been a year / for the first time in a year
ichinen => a year
Example:
- It’s been a year, hasn’t it?
=> Ichinen buri desu ne! (formal)
=> Ichinen buri da ne! (informal)
hantoshi => half a year
hantoshi buri => first time after half a year
Example:
- It’s been a year since I played Pokemon
=> Pokemon wo puree suru no wa ichinen buri
fukushuu suru => to review
- could also mean to revenge
MASU form: verbs with iru/eru endings
- change ru to masu
Examples:
- (to eat) taberu => tabemasu
- (to look, see, watch) miru => mimasu
MASU form: verbs with other endings
- change the last u in i and add masu
Examples:
- (to buy) kau => kaimasu
- (to write, draw) kaku => kakimasu
TE form: verbs with iru/eru endings
- change ru into te
Examples:
- (to open) akeru => akete
- (to close) shimeru => shimete
TE form: verbs with su/tsu/(a,u,o +) ru endings
- change the ending into tte
Examples:
- kau => katte
- (to wait) matsu => matte
- (to sell) uru => utte
Exceptions
- (to return home) kaeru => kaette
- (to cut) kiru => kitte
- (to go) iku => itte
TE form: verbs with ku endings
- change ku into ite
Examples:
- kaku => kaite
- (to put [down]) oku => oite
TE form: verbs with gu endings
- change gu into ide
zenzen => dots
Examples:
- (to swim) oyogu => oyoide
- (to hurry) isogu => isoide
TE form: verbs with mu/bu/nu endings
- change the ending into nde
Examples:
- (to hang out) asobu => asonde
- (to drink) nomu => nonde
- (to die) shinu => shinde
TE form: verbs with suru and su endings
- change suru and su into shite
Examples:
- (to study) benkyou suru => benkyou shite
- (to clean) souji suru => souji shite
- (to turn off, delete, erase) kesu => keshite
- (to push, press) osu => oshite
TE form: kuru verbs
- change kuru into kite
Examples:
- (to bring something) motte kuru => motte kite
- (to bring someone) tsurete kuru => tsurete kite
TE + iru (informal) / imasu (formal)
- to be doing ~ (now)
- or have been doing ~ (for a while)
Example:
- (to eat) taberu => tabeteiru / tabeteimasu (eating now or have been eating)
jitensha=> bike
Reviews:
- (to speak, talk) hanasu => hanashimasu => hanashite => hanashiteiru / hanashiteimasu
I’m talking with friends
=> Tomodachi to hanashiteiru / hanashiteimasu - matsu => machimasu => matte => matteiru / matteimasu
I’m waiting for a bus
=> Basu wo matteuiru / matteimasu - (to cry) naku => nakimasu => naite => naiteiru / naiteimasu
A baby is crying
=> Akachan wa naiteiru / naiteimasu - miru => mimasu => mite => miteiru / miteimasu
I’m watching TV
=> Terebi wo miteiru / miteimasu - (to ride, get on) noru => norimasu => notte => notteiru / notteimasu
I’m riding a bike
=> jitensha ni notteiru / notteimasu - (to sit down) suwaru => suwarimasu => suwatte => suwatteiru / suwatteimasu
- (to touch) sawaru => sawarimasu => sawatte => sawatteiru / sawatteimasu
- (to take, grab) toru => torimasu => totte => totteiru / totteimasu
To take a picture (informal)
=> Shashin wo toru
To take a picture (formal)
=> Shashin wo torimasu
Please take a picture
=> Shashin wo totte (kudasai)
I’m taking a picture
=> Shashin wo totteiru / totteimasu - (to give) ageru => agemasu => agete => ageteiru / ageteimasu
- (to receive) morau => moraimasu => moratte => moratteiru / moratteimasu
- (to borrow, rent eg. an apartment) kariru => karimasu => karite => kariteiru / kariteimasu
I’m borrowing a book
=> Hon wo kariteiru / kariteimasu - benkyou suru => benkyou shimasu => benkyou shite => benkyou shiteiru / shiteimasu
I’ve been studying Japanese
=> Nihongo wo benkyou shiteiru / shiteimasu - (to order) chuumon suru => chuumon shimasu => chuumon shite => chuumon shiteiru / shiteimasu
- (to use) tsukau => tsukaimasu => tsukatte => tsukatteiru / tsukatteimasu
I’m using the computer
=> Pasokon wo tsukatteiru / tsukatteimasu - (to wash) arau => araimasu => aratte => aratteiru / aratteimasu
I’m washing dishes
=> Osara wo aratteiru / aratteimasu - (to listen) kiku => kikimasu => kiite => kiiteiru / kiiteimasu
I’m listening to music
=> Ongaku wo kiiteiru / kiiteimasu
New vocabularies learned from this lesson:
- hisashi buri => it’s been a long time / it’s been a while
- hisashi => old
- buri => for the first time in a ~
- ichinen buri => it’s been a year / for the first time in a year
- ichinen => a year
- hantoshi => half a year
- hantoshi buri => first time after half a year
- fukushuu suru => to review (or to revenge)
- shimeru => to close
- oku => to put (down)
- zenzen => dots
- souji suru => to clean
- tsurete kuru => to bring (someone)
- jitensha=> bike
- suwaru => to sit down
- sawaru => to touch
- ageru => to give
- morau => to receive
- kariru => to borrow, rent (eg. an apartment)
- chuumon suru => to order
- tsukau => to use
- pasokon => computer
- arau => to wash
- osara => dishes
LESSON 19: Informal Past Tense
Third time lucky / Third time is a charm=> Sando me no shoujiki
(lit. third time truth / honesty)
number + do (counter)
e.g. ichido => one time, nido => two times, sando => three times
number + kai (informal)
e.g. ikkai => one time, nikai => two times, sankai=> three times
number + counter + me
e.g. ikkaime => first time vs. ikkai => one time
shoujiki-na => honest (na adjective)
Note: Without na, it means honesty as a noun.MASU form verbs are in present or future tense
Example:
- taberu => to eat
- tabemasu => I eat / I will eat
How to make verbs into an informal past tense:
- Make it into a TE form
- Change TE into TA (or de into da)
Example:
- (to eat) taberu => (please eat) tabete => (ate) tabeta
TE form magic
- tabete => (please) eat <request>
- tabeteiru / tabeteimasu => be eating (now)
- tabeta => ate <past informal>
onigiri => rice ball
mendokusai => bothersome to do, tiresome
a => yah, yes (mostly used by guys) It’s kind of a rough way to say yes
kyoku => song / a piece of music (more often used)
yubi => finger
Examples:
taberu => tabete => tabeta
- I ate onigiri
=> Onigiri wo tabemashita <formal>
=> Onigiri (wo) tabeta <informal>
- What did you eat?
=> nani wo tabemashita ka? <formal>
=> nani (wo) tabeta? <informal> - I ate onigiri for breakfast
=> Asagohan wa onigiri wo tabemashita <formal>
=> Asagohan wa onigiri (wo)tabeta <informal>
=> Asagohan, onigiri tabete <more informal>
- I ate dinner at the restaurant
=> Resutoran de bangohan wo tabemashita <formal>
=> Resutoran de bangohan (wo) tabeta <informal>
miru => mite => mita
- I watched anime
=> Anime wo mimashita <formal>
=> Anime (wo) mita <informal> - Did you see zootopia already?
=> Mou zuutopia wo mimashita ka? <formal>
=> Mou zuutopia (wo) mita? <informal>
(to get tired of / to lose interest in ~) akiru => akite => akita (form structure: ~ ni akiru)
- I got board of this game
=> Kono geemu ni akimashita <formal>
=> Kono geemu (ni) akita <informal>
kau => katte => katta
- I bought a new car
=> Atarashii kuruma wo kaimashita <formal>
=> Atarashii kuruma (wo) katta <informal>
(to ride, to get on) noru => notte => notta
- I rode the bullet train in Japan
=> Nihon de shinkansen ni norimashita <formal>
=> Nihon de shinkansen ni notta <informal>
(to cut) kiru => kitte => kitta
- I cut my finger
=> Yubi wo kirimashita <formal>
=> Yubi (wo) kitta <informal>
(to return home) kaeru => kaette => kaetta
- Misa went back to Japan
=> Misa wa nihon ni kaerimashita <formal>
=> Misa wa nihon ni kaetta <informal>
(to hang out) asobu => asonde => asonda
- I hung out with my friends
=> Tomodachi to asobimashita <formal>
=> Tomodachi to asonda <informal>
(to walk) aruku => aruite => aruita
- I walked to the station
=> Eki made arukimashita <formal>
=> Eki made aruita <informal>
(to take a walk) sanpo suru => sanpo shite => sanpo shita
- I took a walk
=> Sanpo shimashita <formal>
=> Sanpo shita <informal>
(to study) benkyou suru => benkyou shite => benkyou shita
- I studied Japanese
=> Nihongo wo benkyou shimashita <formal>
=> Nihongo (wo) benkyou shita <informal>
New vocabularies learned from this lesson:
- nido => two times (formal)
- sando => three times (formal)
- nikai => two times (informal)
- sankai => three times (informal)
- ichidome => first time (formal)
- ikkaime => first time (informal)
- shoujiki-na => honest
- shoujiki => honesty
- onigiri => rice ball
- mendokusai => bothersome to do, tiresome
- a => yah, yes (mostly used by guys) It’s kind of a rough way to say yes
- kyoku => song / a piece of music (more often used)
- yubi => finger
- akiru => to get tired of / to lose interest in ~
- aruku => to walk
- sanpo suru => to take a walk
- eki => station
LESSON 20: Have Been / Done
rainen => next year
Exception:(to go) iku => itte => itta
- I went to Japan
=> Nihon ni ikimashita <formal>
=> Nihon (ni) itta <informal> - I went to Japan last year
=> Kyonen nihon ni ikimashita <formal>
=> Kyonen nihon ni itta <formal>
aru => to exist, there is, or to have
<object> ga aru (informal) / arimasu (formal)
lit. means <object> exists
There is ~
I have ~
Examples:
- There is / I have a pen
=> Pen ga arimasu <formal>
=> Pen ga aru <informal> - There is / I have a camera
=> Kamera ga arimasu <formal>
=> Kamera ga aru <informal>
Negation for aru (there is NO~)
- aru => nai (informal)
- arimasu => arimasen (formal)
Examples:
- I don’t have money
=> Okane ga arimasen <formal>
=> Okane ga nai <informal> - I don’t have time
=> Jikan ga arimasen <formal>
=> Jikan ga nai <informal>
~ta (informal past tense) koto (ga) aru (informal) / ~ta koto ga arimasu (formal)
- have been ~
koto => event / matter / what or things you do (action)
Examples:
- I’ve been to Japan (before)
=> Nihon ni itta koto ga arimasu <formal>
=> Nihon (ni) itta koto (ga) aru <informal> - Have you been to Japan (before)?
=> Nihon ni itta koto ga arimasu ka? <formal>
=> Nihon (ni) itta koto (ga) aru? <informal>
~ta (informal past tense) koto (ga) nai (informal) / ~ta koto ga arimasen (formal)
- have never done ~
Example:
- I’ve never been to Japan (before)
=> Nihon ni itta koto ga arimasen <formal>
=> Nihon (ni) itta koto (ga) nai <informal>
iku => to go
- Use this verb when the speaker is somewhere else or is going away from the place you are now.
kuru => to come
- Use this verb when someone is coming to where YOU ARE or if you’re coming back to the place that you are currently at (future)
Examples:
When you’re not from Japan
- I’m going to Japan
=> Nihon ni ikimasu <formal>
=> Nihon ni iku <informal>
The speaker is in Japan and the listener is not
kuru => kite => kita
- Have you come to Japan (before)?
=> Nihon ni kita koto ga arimasu ka? <formal>
=> Nihon (ni) kita koto (ga) aru? <informal>
Another examples:
(to look, see, watch) miru => mite => mita
- I’ve seen Mt. Fuji (before)
=> Fuji san wo mita koto ga arimasu <formal>
=> Fuji san (wo) mita koto (ga) aru <informal> - I’ve never seen Mt. Fuji (before)
=> Fuji san wo mita koto ga arimasen <formal>
=> Fuji san (wo) mita koto (ga) nai <informal>
kiku => kiite => kiita
- I’ve never heard / listened (of it)
=> Kiita koto ga arimasen <formal>
=> Kiita koto (ga) nai <informal> - Have you listened to this?
=> Kore wo kiita koto ga arimasu ka?<formal>
=>Kore, kiita koto (ga) aru? <informal>
(to sleep) neru => nete => neta
- Have you slept in a class (before)?
=> Kurasu de nete koto ga arimasu ka? <formal>
=> Kurasu de nete koto (ga) aru? <informal> - Yes, I have
=> Hai, arimasu <formal>
=> Un, aru <informal> - I’ve never (slept)
=> Arimasen / Neta koto ga arimasen <informaL>
=> Neta koto (ga) nai <informal>
(to speak, talk) hanasu => hanashite => hanashita
- I’ve spoken with a Japanese person (before)
=> Nihon-jin to hanashita koto ga arimasu <formal>
=> Nihon-jin to hanashita koto (ga) aru <informal> - Have you spoken with a Japanese person (before)?
=> Nihon-jin to hanashita koto ga arimasu ka? <formal>
=> Nihon-jin to hanashita koto (ga) aru? <informal>
(to drink) nomu => nonde => nonda
- Have you drank maccha (before)?
=> Maccha wo nonda koto ga arimasu ka? <formal>
=> Maccha (wo) nonda koto (ga) aru? <informal> - I’ve had maccha (before). I love it!
=> Maccha wo nonda koto ga arimasu. Daisuki! <formal>
=> Maccha (w) nonda koto (ga) aru. Daisuki! <informal>
shiru => to find out
shitteiru / shitteimasu => (now you) know (it)
shiranai / shirimasen => not know
maccha => green tea
New vocabularies learned from this lesson:
- rainen => next year
- jikan => time
- koto => event / matter / what or things you do (action)
- shiru => to find out
- shitteiru / shitteimasu => (now you) know (it)
- shiranai / shirimasen => not know
- maccha => green tea
Wheew. I never it could be this long hehe. I’m still getting used to the following lessons but I’m already excited to learn some new hehe.
For the earlier lessons, you can refer to my previous updates for lessons 1-17. If you want to study Japanese language as well, I am highly recommending Misa-sensei’s youtube tutorial for Japanese Grammar Lessons for Absolute Beginners. Jaa mata ne!
