Gyeongju: Bulguksa Temple and Seokguram Grotto

History was the subject I detested most during my school years. The textbooks were boring, the teachers were terrors. It was traveling (and maybe age), not schoolbooks and scary teachers, that piqued my interest.
My non–nerd friends, I am sure, would find my travel itineraries rather boring: there are almost always visits to museums and historical sites included...but that is what they get when they leave all the planning to me.
The five–day South Korea trip was, of course, not without its dose of history. There are ten Korean cultural heritage sites registered on the UNESCO World Heritage List. Two in Seoul: Jongmyo Shrine and Changdeokgung Palace Complex. Three in Gyeongju: Gyeongju Historic Areas, Yangdong Historic Village, and Seokguram Grotto and Bulguksa Temple. The rest are scattered around the country. But we could only make time for Bulguksa Temple and Seokguram Grotto.
Bulguksa Temple
불국사7AM to 6PMAdmission fee: KRW 4,000
Bulguksa Temple was built a long long time ago (year 528) in the far far away land of Gyeongju. (That is if you're coming from Brazil or Uruguay or wherever its antipodes is.) But when coming from Seoul, Gyeongju is just a 2–hour high speed train or 5–hour bus ride.
Going to Gyeongju from Seoul

• High Speed Train (Korea Train eXpress, better known as KTX)
• From Seoul Station to Singyeongju Station
• Fare: KRW 44,700 or about Php 2,000
• Travel duration: 2 hours 10 minutes
• Bus
• From Gangnam Express Bus Terminal to Gyeongju Intercity Express Bus Terminal
• Fare: KRW 20,400 to KRW 33,300 or Php 920 to Php 1,500
• Travel duration: 4 to 5 hours

Korea Train eXpress (KTX)
Going to Bulguksa Temple

1. From Singyeongju Station, take bus 700 to Gyeongju Intercity Express Bus Terminal. Fare: KRW 1,500
2. Across Gyeongju Intercity Express Bus Terminal, take bus 10 or 11 (every 30 minutes) to Bulguksa Temple. Fare: KRW 1,500

Note: If you want to leave your bags, there are coin operated lockers (KRW 3,000) at Singyeongju Station and at Gyeongju Intercity Express Bus Terminal.
Bus 700 scheduleSingyeongju Station to Gyeongju Intercity Express Bus Terminal
Gyeongju was the capital of the Silla Kingdom, which ruled more than half of Korea for 992 years. More than a thousand years have passed since the fall of the kingdom, but many of its historical treasures have remained. Bulguksa Temple holds six of the country's national treasures:

• Dabo-tap (National Treasure No. 20)
• Seokga-tap (National Treasure No. 21)
• Yeonhwa-gyo and Chilbo-gyo (National Treasure No. 22)
• Cheongun-gyo and Baegun-gyo (National Treasure No. 23)
• Golden Seated Vairocana Buddhist Figure (National Treasure No. 26)
• Golden Seated Amita Figure (National Treasure No. 27)

The 10.3–meter tall Dabotap Pagoda was built in the 8th century
Clockwise from top left:National Treasure 22: Yeonhwa-gyo and Chilbo-gyo Bridges (stairways really)National Treasure No. 23: Cheongun-gyo and Baegun-gyo Bridges (stairways really)Birojeon (houses National Treasure 26: Golden Seated Vairocana Buddhist Figure)Geungnakjeon (houses National Treasure 27: Golden Seated Amita Figure)
Left: Daeungjeon enshrines Saykamuni Buddha, Man of Great EnlightenmentRight: Gwaneumjeon enshrines Bodhisattva of Perfect Compassion, who listens to the cries of the world
Seokguram Grotto
석굴암7AM to 5PMAdmission fee: KRW 4,000
Guide available if you request for one at the ticket booth.
Going to Seokguram Grotto

• Bus
1. From Bulguksa Temple, take bus 12 (every hour) to Seokguram Grotto. Fare: KRW 1,500
2. From the bus stop, walk 15 minutes to the Grotto.
• Hike
• Follow the 4–kilometer hiking trail from Bulguksa Temple through the woods and up the mountain to Seokguram Grotto.

Bus 12 schedule (click to enlarge)Bulguksa Temple – Seokguram Grotto
Walking in the foggy Tohansan Mountain to Soekguram Grotto
Seokguram GrottoPhoto from karaingumi.blogspot.com
The 24–year–long construction of Seokguram Grotto was started in the year 751. The grotto and the Bonjonbul (Buddha) inside it are made of granite. The grotto has three sections: antechamber, corridor, and main rotunda.  In the old days, people believed that the land was square and the heaven, round. The antechamber, where the people held Buddhist services, was designed to be square, and the main rotunda, where the Buddha resides, circular.

Carved on the walls of the antechamber are palbusinjung (eight guardian deities). At the entrance of the corridor are carved two geumgangyeoksa (gatekeepers); on the walls of the corridor are four sacheonwang (devas, a level higher than humans). Carved on the dome of the main rotunda are the two highest deities that protect Buddha; a deity that represents wisdom; a deity that represents mercy; ten of Buddha's disciples; and Sipilmyeon Gwaneumbosal, an eleven–faced Bodhisattva (enlightened being) of compassion. Above these are ten niches: seven contain Boddhisattvas; one contains Yumageosa (not a boddhisattva, but a disciple of Buddha), to show that anyone who truly lives Buddha's teachings can enter the land of Buddha; and two are empty.
The Buddha inside Seokguram GrottoPhoto from karaingumi.blogspot.com
I only saw some of the carvings as the grotto is sealed off by clear glass (it is only during Buddha's birthday, which falls in May, that people are allowed to see the grotto up close). All these was told to me by the guide who also showed pictures of the carvings.
Had I had more time in Gyeongju, I would have wanted to visit the Silla History and Science Museum, which has models of Seokguram Grotto; Gyeongju Historic Areas, five areas in Gyeongju containing many of Silla Kingdom's heritage; and Yangdong Historic Village, a traditional village.
But it was time to go on to the next city: Busan.
Going to Busan from Gyeongju

• High Speed Train (Korea Train eXpress, better known as KTX)
• From Singyeongju Station to
• Fare: KRW 11,000
• Travel duration: 30 minutes
• Bus
• From Gyeongju Intercity Express Bus Terminal to Napo Station
• Fare: KRW 4,800
• Travel duration: 1 hour

South Korea Quickie 2014
Wisdom from the Road #22
Seoul: Lessons From My Seoul Airbnb Experience
Seoul: Gwangjang Market
Seoul: Namsan: Park, Tower, and Village
Gyeongju: Bulguksa Temple and Seokguram Grotto (you're here!)
(more soon)