Thus Spoke Zarathustra: A Book for Everyone and for No One by Friedrich Nietzsche
My rating: 4 of 5 stars
The gist of this philosophical novel's story is that the Persian sage, Zarathustra, comes down from his cave to inform people of his breakthrough, only to find the townspeople are utterly uninterested. This leads Zarathustra to take his show on the road, where he does better in discovering individuals who rise above the common man, but still they miss the mark of Übermensch - the Superman.
This book somehow simultaneously manages to be abstruse and readable. It can be tough reading when it uses symbolism and leitmotifs that are tough to crack, and when the story arc consists of long sequences of Zarathustra talking at people one after another. [It's worth noting that I read that this was a particularly challenging book to translate, and so some of the difficulty may result from the edition I read being too literal or not literal enough.] On the other hand, it's packed with pithy, quotable lines. The most famous of these is, "God is dead." Others include: "Die at the right time!" "Better know nothing than half-know many things!" and "Man is something that hath to be surpassed." Also, as I stated the plot in a tiny paragraph, it should be clear that the general flow of events isn't hard to keep up with.
The quotes I presented above offer substantial insight into the philosophy being presented. First, with "God is dead" Nietzsche is advancing the existentialist fundamental that one needs to look not at religion for life's meaning or for the means of proper behavior, but one must create one's own meaning and morality. While some believe that Nietzsche is arguing for amorality, it seems that he's more arguing to move beyond accepting pre-labeled boxes of "good" and "bad" handed down from on high, and rather insisting that one must make one's own decisions about such matters. It must be remembered that society's dictates also include collective prejudices and other negative biases. Second, the whole of the book is dedicated to the recognition that mankind must move beyond its current state of being constrained by the shackles of church, state, and society, and rise to a super-state (i.e. "Man is something that hath to be surpassed.")
For me, this book picked up in the fourth and final part. This section brings together the more intriguing people Zarathustra interacted with along the road. In general, the book started as a slow read, but became much clearer and more readable as I went. The arguments are not hard, nor is the chain of events, but the way things are stated can be a bit incomprehensible. This may be one of those books for which one would be served by opting for a more heavily annotated edition rather than just the raw text.
I'd recommend this book. Whether one accepts its arguments or not, they are worth understanding.
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