Yesterday, on a whim, I started searching the web for sites where
obese people present themselves and how they deal with obesity. My expectation
was: I won't find much. Boy was I
wrong. In fact I was so wrong, that I decided to discuss some of the outstanding
people whose sites I have seen. Before I get to The Token Fat Girl, let me
explain why I didn't expect to find what I found:
There is a stigma attached to being overweight.
Interpersonal and work related discrimination against overweight people pervades
our society [1]. Whether it's finding a sex
partner or a salary, if you are female and have a BMI north of 30, your weight
alone reduces your chances compared with a peer of normal weight. And don't
think for a moment that my colleagues from the health and medical sciences are
free from such bias. One in 4 nurses reports being repulsed by obese patients [2], and exercise science
students show a strong bias against obese people, equating obesity with
laziness [3]. The frequently used
before-after portraits of successful weight reducers have been found to
reinforce the belief that weight loss is a matter of volition, which in turn
reinforces the stigmatization of the overweight [4]. This bias has become so
pervasive in our society that even obese people themselves now endorse the
fat=lazy equation [5]. Uncharacteristically for my
otherwise more colloquial blog I include here the references to my statements.
For one simple reason: To take the wind out of the sails of those who would
otherwise eloquently try to summarily refute my statements.
Now, what's my point? With this type of agony load, wouldn't
we rightly expect the obese person to simply change her lifestyle if this
change was really up to her free will - her volition - to make? Yes we would.
The fact that most obese people really WANT to be slim but never seem to get
there should, however, make us question the power of free will over our health
behaviors, particularly the dietary and exercise behaviors. Let me illustrate
that point a little more.
If the volition-behavior assumption was true, children would
change their fattening behaviors once the agony load from being obese crosses a
threshold at which they would be motivated to actively pursue weight loss. This
agony load is indeed high for the obese child. In fact it has been found to be
equal to that of child cancer patients receiving chemo therapy [6]. Yet the percentage of obese
children and adolescents has more than tripled over the past 40 years.
So my question to the stigmatizers, to those who believe in
the fat=lazy equation, is: if obesity was a result of behavior, and if health
behavior is a matter of choice, then why do children and adults choose to be
ostracized, stigmatized and victimized?
Obviously our health behaviors are driven by something more
powerful than volition alone. I will address this issue in a separate blog
entry.
What I want to highlight here is the extraordinary guts of
people like The Token Fat Girl, who proudly present themselves and address
their weight openly and publicly. Not only is her courage admirable, but so is
the frankness with which she approaches her life. I quote from her site: "
I've struggled with being overweight or obese my entire life and while I don't
agree that I can be obese and healthy, I do believe that it shouldn't stop me
from living a pretty decent life." Here is a girl with an admirable sense
of reality. A girl with that attitude would certainly solve her weight issues
if those were solvable by volition only.
This issue is at the core of my work. I have a pretty clear
model about what drives our health behaviors. That model was part of my
dissertation work. I also believe that our strategy of helping people to train a
6th sense for their daily calorie balance is a promising alternative to diets
and weight loss fads. I would love to enroll people like the Token Fat Girl into
our chronic health project. So if you know somebody who fits this description, give
them my contact.
1. Carr, D.
and M.A. Friedman, Is obesity
stigmatizing? Body weight, perceived discrimination, and psychological
well-being in the United States. J Health Soc Behav, 2005. 46(3): p. 244-59.
2. Puhl,
R. and K.D. Brownell, Bias,
Discrimination, and Obesity. Obesity Res, 2001. 9(12): p. 788-805.
3. Chambliss,
H.O., C.E. Finley, and S.N. Blair, Attitudes
toward obese individuals among exercise science students. Med Sci Sports
Exerc, 2004. 36(3): p. 468-74.
4. Geier,
A.B., M.B. Schwartz, and K.D. Brownell, "Before
and after" diet advertisements escalate weight stigma. Eat Weight
Disord, 2003. 8(4): p. 282-8.
5. Wang,
S.S., K.D. Brownell, and T.A. Wadden, The
influence of the stigma of obesity on overweight individuals. Int J Obes
Relat Metab Disord, 2004. 28(10): p.
1333-7.
6. Schwimmer,
J.B., T.M. Burwinkle, and J.W. Varni, Health-Related
Quality of Life of Severely Obese Children and Adolescents. JAMA, 2003. 289(14): p. 1813-1819.