There is only one protection that workers have -- the right to organize into unions. Using the power of all the workers as a group, that union is then able to bargain with the company on an equal basis. And many of the things we take for granted today (like the 40-hour workweek, paid vacations, paid sick time, safe working environments, the 8-hour work day, overtime pay, etc.) were not given workers out of the generosity of corporations or because government required them. We have them because they were bargained for by unions.
Unions protect worker rights, and unions are the primary reason this country developed a strong middle class. And as unions decline, so does the middle class and worker rights. That is just the way things work in a capitalist economy.