Many years ago, I learned about a bath tub leak that I never caught during my home inspection. The seller didn't have any children and didn't take baths, so they never knew about the problem with the bath tub drain. I did my standard inspection of the bath tub, which included filling the tub up with about four inches of water and then letting it drain. I didn't find any leaks and never reported a problem.
After the new owners moved in, the first time their children used the bath tub water began leaking through the kitchen ceiling.
Why didn't I catch that leak?
That was a real 'duh' moment for me. I had never heard of other home inspectors testing the overflow, so I just assumed that doing this was beyond our standards of practice. After hearing about the leak, I realized that this was something that I could have been testing all along, as long as I can view the bath tub drain via an access panel in the wall or floor. I checked my Standards of Practice, and according to 6.1, A, 1, I'm supposed to inspect the plumbing fixtures. What that means and how I do it is pretty much up to me.
From that point on, I started testing bath tub overflow drains, and I've since found dozens and dozens of bath tub drains that leak at the overflow. I've also found that this test forces me to run a lot of water down the drains, and if the main building drain has a clog, there's a good chance that I'll find out about it after running all this water.
The video below shows the worst overflow leak I've ever found; this was at a house that was being 'flipped'. Luckily it was an unfinished basement, so the leaking water didn't do any damage.
If you want to test your own bath tub overflow, it's very easy to do. Just fill up your bath tub with water and watch the back side of the overflow when the water starts draining in to it. If it's not working right, you'll know.
Reuben Saltzman, Structure Tech Home Inspections - Email- Home Inspector Minneapolis