Asafoetida is a resin obtained from a plant. It has an intensely strong pungent aroma and surely not for the faint hearted. The spice has earned for itself the name ‘devils dung’ due to its peculiar stink. However, that said, you will find it in most Indian kitchens. When added to hot oil or ghee (before the rest of ingredients) it adds a distinctive warm aroma to the dals (lentils) and beans. It is mostly used for tempering. Asafoetida is believed to have digestive and anti-flatulence properties.
The resin is sold in hard form as well as powdered. The powdered form loses its aroma faster than the hard one. A south Indian friend of mine recently sent me the hard resin form and it definitely was far better than the powdered form that I was using. Because of its potent nature, the advice is simple- a little (really little) goes a long way, so use it sparinglyHARI AUR BADI ELAICHIGreen & Black Cardamom
GREEN CARDAMOM is a greenish spindle shaped spice with thin outer skin and small black seeds packed inside it. The flavor is sweet and lemony with slightly bitter hints when chewed and is often used as mouth freshener to sweeten the breath. It is a perhaps one of the most favoured spice of Indians and it is used extensively for savouries and sweets (halwa, kheer, ice creams, custards, etc) and is often paired with saffron. Its flavor is well enjoyed in drinks such as badaam milk, thandai and chai (Indian milk/cream tea)
It is usually added whole in the hot oil along with other spices such as cinnamon, cumin, cloves for meat and chicken curries. For kebabs and sweet treats, the black seeds are extracted from the shell and crushed to powder. It is the third most expensive spice in the world.
BLACK CARDAMOM- Also called, badi elaichi and kali elaichi, this spice is brown in color and its pod too is filled with black seeds just like the green cardamom but the flavor is completely different. It has robust earthy smoky flavor. It is almost never used for sweet dishes. This spice works well with meats, stews and pulao (pulav, pilaf). My mom often used to add it to red kidney bean curry and Dal Makhani besides popping in a pod while cooking rice (any method, absorption, draining or pressure cooked)
LAUNGCloves
This aromatic spice is an unopened flower bud. When the flower buds turn bright red they are harvested and dried. Clove is a robust spice and imparts sweet warm flavor to the food and therefore a little goes a long way. It is used to add flavor to meats, curries and marinades.
Although cloves pair well with sweet western dishes, it’s usage in Indian sweets is unheard of. Cloves are used not just for culinary use but also for medicinal purposes. Clove oil is known to help alleviate tooth ache.
DAL CHINICinnamon
This warm, woody, sweet spice is the dried bark of a tree. The two popular varieties are Sri Lankan and Chinese variety. But it is the thin barked Sri Lankan variety that is considered superior in its aroma, texture and color. The Sri Lankan variety is often referred to as the ‘true cinnamon’ but is hard to procure. So it’s the Chinese variety, which is called as cassia that is widely sold.
Cinnamon is sold in stick and quill forms. Cinnamon is used in both sweet and savoury dishes. It is usually added in powdered form to the sweet dishes such as apple pie, cinnamon rolls, doughnuts, etc. Whereas it is broken in pieces and added to hot oil for savoury dishes. Just like cardamom, cinnamon is used to spice drinks, hot or cold.
TEJ PATTABay Leaf
The Indian bay leaf and the bay leaf used in European cuisine are similar but from different species and hence difference in taste as well. The Indian bay leaf has mild cinnamon flavor and used usually in dried form. The leaves are often used in soups, stews, lentils, meat curries by first adding it to hot oil to enhance its aroma. Add a bay leaf along with black cardamom while preparing rice and note the difference in taste. It is used in biryanis and is also used for making garam masala.
ADRAK & SAUNTHRoot Ginger & Dry Ginger Powder
Ginger is a knotty rhizome that has hot and pungent flavor. The more mature the rhizome the more woody and fibrous it becomes. Dried powdered ginger, also known as sonth, is often used in western desserts and baked goods. Ginger, especially fresh (also called root ginger), is widely used in piquant Indian curries and stir fries– vegetarian and non vegetarian. Fresh ginger has the tendency to stick to the bottom of the pan and should be therefore added after onion and garlic along with a dash of water while frying.
Ginger is of medicinal value too. It is often used in Indian households to sooth a sore throat by mixing it with honey (ration of honey to root ginger juice = 3:1). The juice is very potent and should be taken in very minuscule amount.
Add a piece of fresh grated ginger to tea along with cardamom and it will sooth and refresh you instantly!
KESAR/ ZAAFRANSaffron
Ah! The king of them all…saffron is my favorite spice. Saffron threads are actually stigmas of crocus flower. Saffron is considered the most expensive spice in the world owing two reasons- it takes 200 crocus flowers to derive 1 gram of saffron! This makes it labor intensive hence expensive.
It lends a luxurious color and exquisite taste to the dish, may that be a Spanish Paella, the Indian Kheer& Biryanis, Moroccan Tagine or the Italian Risotto. Use it in cakes, loaf, ice cream and other desserts. Enjoy th flavours of this spice in the aromatic Kashmiri tea called Kahwa. Try this Chicken Tikkathat has been mildly flavoured with saffron.
Its flavours are best derived when it is infused with warm water or milk. Since it is a potent spice, a little goes a long way. Ensure that you buy bright red coloured threads.
AMCHURDried Mango Powder
Amchur is a compound word that is made up of the words ‘aam’ and ‘chur’. Aam is the Hindi word for mango and chur is Hindi for powdered. Raw green mangoes are peeled & sliced, sun dried and then powdered. It is one of my favorite ingredients. I love the distinctive kind of mellowed tart taste it lends to the dishes unlike tamarind.
It is added usually to the vegetarian dishes such curries, beans and grams, salads and chutneys. It is an essential ingredient for making Chaat Masala.
KALA NAMAKRock Salt
This light pink-purplish pungent smelling salt derived from the natural halite. “Sodium chloride provides kala namak with its salty taste, iron sulphide provides its dark violet hue, and all the sulfur compounds give kala namak its slight savory taste as well as a highly distinctive smell, with hydrogen sulphide being the most prominent contributor to the smell.” Wiki
It is used as a condiment for pickles. Use it instead of the regular salt for raita and for chutneys. Sprinkle a little over fruit chaat or cucumber salad. It is one of the ingredients for making Chaat Masala.Thanks for visiting and see you again!
Don't forget to check the next part of Indian Spices series. For those who missed the first part of this series...click here.
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