Notwithstanding all property in England ultimately belongs to the Crown, in English Common Law, freeholders property rights didn't just include their patch of earth. It included everything above and everything below. Gold and silver excepted. Of course.
With the advent of air travel, the practicalities of this position became absurd. The common interest was prime so the definition was changed so only to include the space immediately above a property.
When the economic importance of oil and gas became apparent, the rights to those were severed by the 1934 Petroleum Act. Uranium, for obvious reasons, was also severed. And gain, perhaps as late as 1994, coal was also severed.
Which all goes to illustrate the arbitrary nature of how we've come to define property rights to natural resources. Not so much the rights to exploit them, but the rights to their unexploited value.
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