Let me make a comparison to illustrate just how young the universe was when it looked like this, by comparing it to a human life. Assuming a human life span of 80 years, this would be a picture of a baby at only 19 hours old -- less than a day old. So the above image is truly a "baby picture" of the universe, since it was actually still a "new-born".
Here's how CNN describes the picture:
This new photogenic moment, released Thursday, comes courtesy of the European Space Agency's Planck space telescope, which detects cosmic microwave background radiation -- the light left over from the Big Bang. Scientists used data from Planck to create an artificially colored map of temperature variations across the sky in the early universe, in more detail than ever before.