Crashing waves near oil rig somewhere in the North Sea. (Credit: Flickr @ Richard Child http://www.flickr.com/people/richardchild/)
Offshore drilling is often discussed in terms of its positive effect on the economy and the potential risks it carries for the environment. There’s, however, another side to offshore drilling, one that is less often talked about. A recent study done at the University of Aberdeen, suggests that the oil and gas industry’s pursuit of new oil reserves has contributed to a greater understanding of where life exists on Earth and may even help us look for life on other planets.
The sector has been funding academic research at the University of Aberdeen into how sand moves and cuts through mud beneath the Earth’s surface for over a decade.
These ‘sand injections’ can hold large amounts of oil within them and as such the oil industry has been keen to explore how, where and why these happen in order to extract the oil.
As well as providing a greater insight into sand injections, the seismic and core analysis studied by the University of Aberdeen in conjunction with the Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre (SUERC) has contributed to a greater understanding of where life exists deep within the Earth. The research has been published in Scientific Reports online journal.
“Microbial life can live between spaces in sand but the food that sustains these microbes comes from within mud. So the best place for this life to thrive is in the area between a layer of sand and a layer of mud”, explained Professor John Parnell, a Geoscientist from the University of Aberdeen.
“If you’ve got sand moving around under the Earth’s surface it will inject itself through layers of mud or pass through mud and that creates more of these prime areas where mud and sand interact.
“Our research has revealed this extensive habitat in the subsurface for microbes that we didn’t know for sure was there. This proves it is, and that it’s been there for at least 600 million years.”
The research also has wider scientific ramifications in terms of shedding light on the distribution of life on Earth.
“This research means it is quite possible that there is more life in the subsurface of the Earth than on the surface itself. Microbiologists have been discussing for a long time what the ratio is and if we’re showing there’s a big new habitat in the subsurface then we’re shifting that balance towards there being more life in the subsurface”, Professor Parnell added. “It also informs us about where life may have evolved because it may have evolved below the surface as opposed to on the surface.
“It can also give us clues as to where life might be living on other planets because this sort of habitat ought to occur on other planets as well.”
Professor Adrian Boyce of SUERC echoed this sentiment. He said: “The tell-tale chemical signals that life in this environment left for us to find millions of years later opens the door to using these techniques to explore for life in other planets – especially below their immediate surfaces, which can often be hostile.”
Professor Andrew Hurst added: “The research was funded by the oil industry for a practical purpose but I’m delighted that as well as achieving that aim it has also helped us understand where life can exist deep underground.”
The research was based on four case studies — County Leitrim in the Republic of Ireland; Connemara in the Republic of Ireland, Argyll in Scotland and in Antarctica.
Parnell, J., Boyce, A., Hurst, A., Davidheiser-Kroll, B., & Ponicka, J. (2013). Long term geological record of a global deep subsurface microbial habitat in sand injection complexes Scientific Reports, 3 DOI: 10.1038/srep01828
